Source Code Map

This page describes every source file in the disassembly repository. The firmware is reconstructed from TLCS-900/H2 assembly using LLVM’s llvm-mc assembler. All 6 ROMs build to 100% byte-identical copies of the originals.

ROM Overview

ROM Size Top-level Source Include Files Purpose
Main CPU 2MB maincpu/kn5000_v10_program.s 154 Primary firmware — UI, audio, sequencer, MIDI, file I/O
Sub CPU Payload 192KB subcpu/kn5000_subprogram_v142.s 3 Audio engine — tone generation, voice management, DSP
Sub CPU Boot 128KB subcpu/boot/kn5000_subcpu_boot.s 0 Sub CPU bootstrap and payload decompression
HDAE5000 512KB hdae5000/hd-ae5000_v2_06i.s 5 Hard disk expansion — IDE/ATA driver, FAT16, file manager UI
Table Data 2MB table_data/kn5000_table_data.s 7 Accompaniment style patterns, rhythm data
Custom Data 1MB custom_data/kn5000_custom_data.s 0 User-modifiable flash storage (factory defaults)

Main CPU (2MB)

The main CPU ROM contains the entire user-facing firmware: the UI framework, display rendering, audio parameter control, sequencer, accompaniment engine, MIDI processing, file I/O, floppy disk controller, and control panel handling. It is split across 154 include files organized into 15 subdirectories by subsystem.

Directory Structure

maincpu/
  kn5000_v10_program.s       # Top-level file (ROM layout & inline data)
  *_constants.s (4 files)    # Subsystem constant definitions
  msp_factory_defaults.s     # MSP factory default data
  shared/     (9 files)      # Cross-ROM shared: macros, SFR, VGA, boot
  boot/       (3 files)      # System startup, interrupt handlers, init
  ui/         (13 files)     # UI framework, widgets, drawing, panels
  display/    (3 files)      # VGA graphics, text rendering, scoop editor
  audio/      (31 files)     # Audio control, sound editor, DSP config, sound data
  midi/       (9 files)      # MIDI serial, dispatch, SysEx, computer I/F
  sequencer/  (15 files)     # Sequencer, SMF, accompaniment, rhythm, MSP
  storage/    (2 files)      # Flash memory, floppy disk controller
  demo/          (4 files)   # Feature demo mode
  ui_widgets/    (27 files)  # UI screen layout descriptors (codename: NAKA)
  file_io/       (9 files)   # Disk file operations
  factory_test/  (4 files)   # Factory diagnostics (codename: HAMA)
  includes/      (18 files)  # Style UI parameter blocks, screen data, GUI strings
  extensions/    (2 files)   # Extension device support (codename: TOSHI)

Constants & Macros

File Lines Description
shared/macros.s 124 Assembler helper macros
shared/sfr_tmp94c241.s 241 TMP94C241F special function register definitions
shared/vga_constants.s 74 VGA display register constants
shared/event_codes.s 46 System event code definitions
fdc_constants.s 75 Floppy disk controller register constants
gui_constants.s 56 GUI framework constants (widget types, flags)
cpanel_constants.s 197 Control panel button/LED segment constants
midi_encoder_constants.s 91 MIDI encoding format constants

boot/ — System Startup & Core Handlers

File Lines Description
shared/boot_hw_init.s 139 Hardware register initialization (shared with Table Data ROM)
shared/boot_routines.s 87 Region detection and boot helper routines
shared/boot_call_init_handlers.s 85 Walk initialization handler table at boot
boot/system_handlers.s 8,251 Interrupt handlers (NMI, timers), UI state machine, task scheduler, flash memory update, LZSS decompression
boot/main_title_ctrl_panel.s 611 System initialization (graphics, events, timers, LCD), main title UI event loop
boot/screen_group_dispatch.s 264 Boot screen group dispatcher (startup screens, error dialogs)
shared/vga_init.s 434 VGA controller initialization sequence
shared/vga_io.s 51 VGA register read/write primitives

display/ — VGA Graphics & Text Rendering

File Lines Description
display/scoop_display.s 10,370 Display dirty-region tracking, performance mode parameter handlers, scoop (oscilloscope) editor UI
display/graphics_text_vga.s 4,211 VGA palette initialization, text rendering, string layout, VRAM operations
display/scoop_editor_data.s 1,177 Sound editor display data, performance mode parameter bytecode, scoop config tables

ui/ — UI Framework & Widgets

File Lines Description
ui/ui_widget_defs.s 19,640 Grid box, exit window, title/resource widgets, event dispatch loops, object enumeration
ui/ui_window_procs.s 8,046 Window procedure handlers: ModeEdit, TitleEdit, StringBox, Label, Bitmap, Icon, Line, Frame, EditSw, TextBox, VwBox, ListBox, RadioBox, TempoBox, GridBox
ui/ui_control_panel.s 4,086 Control panel key dispatch, UI task control, slider/scrollbar handlers, GroupBoxProc container widget
ui/ui_mode_handlers.s 12,927 UI mode handlers for Pmem (parametric), bank editor, filter grid, RVari (variable screen), effect modes
ui/drawbar_panel_ui.s 15,581 Drawbar organ slider UI, DSP effect controls, presentation system, demo menu
ui/bitmap_out_routines.s 4,347 Bitmap blitting and palette loading for VGA display
ui/drawing_primitives.s 4,567 Line drawing (Bresenham), rectangle fill, reverse string rendering
ui/psgridbox_routines.s 1,138 PS Grid Box widget initialization and event handling
ui/rvari_routines.s 2,752 RVari (variable selection) screen renderer and interaction handlers
ui/setwall_routines.s 1,940 Wallpaper loading and wall display update routines
ui/cpanel_routines.s 1,559 Control panel hardware: serial RX/TX processing, button polling, LED control
ui/password_slot_routines.s 38 Password slot management stubs
ui/ui_playback_modes.s 3,042 UI state event handling and playback mode control: voice parameter handlers, sequencer timer/tempo, part validation, play/song/medley mode dispatch

audio/ — Sound & Audio Control

File Lines Description
audio/audio_control_engine.s 8,377 MIDI stream processing, control panel LED management, voice/tone control, sound preset dispatch
audio/audio_cmd_encoder.s 3,100 Audio command encoder — printf-like formatter for SubCPU commands
audio/audioinit_routines.s 2,505 Audio subsystem initialization, stereo voice configuration
audio/dsp_config_sysex.s 5,626 DSP effect parameter handlers (reverb, chorus, EQ, compressor), SysEx command processing
audio/sound_editor_ui.s 11,946 Sound editor UI: patch/bank selection, parameter editing, drum kit editor
audio/sound_editor_routines.s 629 Sound editor helper routines
audio/semenu_routines.s 3,431 Sound editor menu (SeMenu) event handling and navigation
audio/sound_navigation.s 495 Sound bank browsing: MainGetSoundName, Sound_Navigate_*, MainGetRhythmName, MainGetPmemName
audio/presentation_sound_nav.s 1,762 SSF presentation workspace building, sound navigation, voice control, presentation control proc
audio/tonegen_fileio_handlers.s 1,071 Tone generator config initialization, DSP config entry setup, FileIO callback handlers
audio/sndparam_routines.s 2,042 Sound parameter probe, match, and heap allocation
audio/note_voice_mapping.s 26,105 Note-on processing, voice allocation/stealing, NoteMap (91 functions), sequence playback, MIDI output, sound parameters, utility routines
audio/sound_data.s 34 Consolidated sound data index — labels and includes for all 17 instrument categories
audio/sound_data_piano.s 2,188 Piano sound data: 128-byte header + 2048 tone mapping pairs
audio/sound_data_strings_vocal.s 2,188 Strings/vocal sound data: 128-byte header + 2048 tone mapping pairs
audio/sound_data_mallet_orch_perc.s 461 Mallet/orchestral percussion sound data
audio/sound_data_flute_extra.s 305 Extended flute sound data
audio/sound_data_flute.s 162 Flute sound data
audio/sound_data_guitar.s 95 Guitar sound data
audio/sound_data_world_perc.s 395 World percussion: 128-entry pointer table + 0xFF-terminated patch entries
audio/sound_data_brass.s 403 Brass: 128-entry pointer table + 0xFF-terminated patch entries
audio/sound_data_sax_reed.s 95 Saxophone/reed sound data
audio/tonegen_param_table.s 92 Tone generator parameter lookup table
audio/sound_data_synth.s 20 Synth sound data
audio/sound_data_drum_kits.s 18 Drum kit sound data
audio/sound_data_orchestral_pad.s 12 Orchestral pad sound data
audio/sound_data_accordion_reg.s 6 Accordion/register sound data
audio/sound_data_bass.s 6 Bass sound data
audio/sound_data_digital_drawbar.s 6 Digital drawbar sound data
audio/sound_data_organ_accordion.s 33 Organ/accordion: 128 sound mapping pairs (0xF0-0xFD sub-bank IDs)
audio/sound_data_gm_special.s 6 GM special sound data

midi/ — MIDI Processing & Computer Interface

File Lines Description
midi/midi_dispatch_handlers.s 11,505 MIDI CC handlers (22 types), serial input parsing, file data validation, sound mode handlers, arpeggiator queue
midi/midi_serial_routines.s 995 MIDI serial communication (SC0): TX/RX handlers, initialization
midi/midi_encoder_routines.s 275 MIDI encoder timing and output dispatch
midi/midipkt_routines.s 1,178 MIDI packet extraction, packing, and queue management
midi/sysex_routines.s 239 System Exclusive message handling
midi/ac_listener_handlers.s 1,884 AcLswFuncBoxProc event dispatch, parameter processing, mixer controls, TtMd exclusion routines
midi/param_load_routines.s 658 ParaLoadOpt parameter loading options, audio flag processing, event posting
midi/computer_interface_config.s 310 MIDI computer interface configuration
midi/computer_interface_pcg.s 704 Computer interface program change (PCG) handlers

sequencer/ — Sequencer & Accompaniment

File Lines Description
sequencer/sequencer_engine.s 32,094 Core sequencer: note editor UI, playback control, voice allocation, application event framework, part/voice data management
sequencer/sequencer_ui.s 14,372 Sequencer editing UI, track display, bitmap drum editor
sequencer/seq_step_routines.s 3,103 Step recording, note event dispatch, step playback
sequencer/smf_event_processor.s 8,247 SMF (Standard MIDI File) event processing, tone generation dispatch, voice channel management
sequencer/smf_config_routines.s 3,263 SMF configuration and parameter setup
sequencer/smf_playback.s 708 SMF playback control entry points
sequencer/smf_tonegen_core.s 5,194 Sequencer-driven tone generation: floppy I/O integration, SMF track event parsing, voice channel management, tone generator block writes, voice synthesis dispatch
sequencer/seq_event_playback.s 4,220 Sequencer event buffer processing, voice slot scanning, note/channel decoding, accompaniment playback loop, tempo event dispatch, MIDI sustain, ring buffer management
sequencer/seq_audio_mode.s 2,010 Audio mode stereo flags, accompaniment pedal processing, sequencer timing, part activation
sequencer/accompaniment_engine.s 32,617 Rhythm dispatch, accompaniment voice selection, timing, patches, drum configuration, style conversion
sequencer/accompseq_routines.s 1,961 Accompaniment sequencer periodic processing
sequencer/rhythm_routines.s 1,580 Rhythm pattern comparison, trigger, and transposition
sequencer/ssf_gate_states.s 1,492 SSF (Style Synthesis Format) gate state arrays for accompaniment patterns
sequencer/bmdredit_routines.s 4,434 Bitmap drum editor: stream positioning, sequence display, voice allocation UI
sequencer/composer_msp_defaults.s 279 MSP/Composer defaults: “HK”-signatured preset data, Composer UI callbacks, debug name strings

storage/ — Flash & Floppy

File Lines Description
storage/flash_floppy_handlers.s 4,695 Flash memory sector write, floppy disk note event loading, FDC format UI
storage/fdc_routines.s 1,503 Floppy disk controller: register access, sector read/write, disk change detection

demo/ — Feature Demo Mode

File Lines Description
demo/demo_routines.s 294 Demo mode entry and control
demo/fdemotext_routines.s 2,334 Feature demo text processing: voice probing, flag processing, output formatting
demo/file_demo_proc.s 8,359 File demo procedures and title handlers
demo/demo_seq_bridge.s 1,060 MiddleFuncCall dispatcher, SqTrSel (sequencer track select), demo-sequencer bridge

file_io/ — Disk File Operations

File Lines Description
file_io/disk_operations.s 1,297 Disk file copy, rename, format, disk info
file_io/filename_password.s 807 Filename and password entry UI
file_io/composer_filters.s 968 Composer load and filter operations
file_io/smf_operations.s 1,312 Standard MIDI File load, save, naming
file_io/wallpaper.s 673 Wallpaper image loading from disk
file_io/single_load.s 2,299 Single file load with source/destination selection
file_io/medley.s 4,715 Medley playback: internal, disk, SMF, performance data modes
file_io/misc_ui.s 969 Miscellaneous file I/O UI (jump insert, file priority, setup)
file_io/title_handlers.s 349 File title display handlers

ui_widgets/ — UI Screen Layout Descriptors (codename: NAKA)

The “NAKA” widget format defines UI screen layouts as hierarchical widget trees. These files contain the screen definitions for nearly every UI mode. “NAKA” is a Matsushita/Technics developer codename; all original symbol names (InitializeNaka, NAKA_TYPE_*, etc.) are preserved in the code.

Each assembly .s file uses .incbin to include a compiled C struct binary. The C files (*.c) contain typed packed structs with named fields, readable string literals, and symbolic pointer references (NAKA_ADDR, SELF). Linker scripts (*_link.ld) resolve external symbol addresses from the main ELF. Type definitions are in naka_types.h.

Assembly files (26 files — widget data regions with .incbin directives):

File Lines Description
ui_widgets/widget_descriptors.s 9,325 Widget type definitions and descriptor tables
ui_widgets/widget_dispatch.s 9,751 Widget event dispatch: string pointer tables, screen routing
ui_widgets/naka_screen_dispatch.s 2,295 Screen definition tables: SeqToComposer, SeqCopy, EasyComposer, ModeSelect, ExpandMode
ui_widgets/technichord_string_data.s 3,658 TechniChord style dispatch tables, style names, dialog text, multilingual UI strings
ui_widgets/disk_warning_strings.s 2,344 Multilingual disk format/delete/operation warning messages (EN/ES/DE/FR/ID/IT)
ui_widgets/widget_names_charmap.s 2,396 Widget type name strings, character encoding/mapping tables, NAKA presentation state
ui_widgets/naka_widget_tables_1.s 1,909 Widget pointer tables: SmfDp, DocDp, PdDp, KssDp, DrumDp screen groups
ui_widgets/naka_widget_tables_2.s 1,668 Widget data tables: CtlMsgGridBox, MidiControlMessage, additional NAKA types
ui_widgets/style_bitmaps.s 5,910 Style selection bitmap resources
ui_widgets/e0e974_e15b20.s 6,116 Feature Demo screens, style category menus, accompaniment UI
ui_widgets/e176e4_e1a704.s 2,745 Style presentation and performance UI
ui_widgets/e1ab58_e1b7d2.s 683 Mixed widget data and strings
ui_widgets/e2107c_e24034.s 2,694 Rhythm variation selection, song/sequencer parameter screens
ui_widgets/e27408_e27556.s 151 Equalizer and effect parameter UI
ui_widgets/e27fa4_e30932.s 8,274 Accompaniment memory/PCG output grids, MIDI controller UI
ui_widgets/e55e38_e5a38e.s 2,910 MIDI controller messages, accompaniment input grid
ui_widgets/e812e8_e818e6.s 286 Menu item pagination UI
ui_widgets/e81cce_e85f46.s 3,708 Tech Chord dispatch, chord/transpose UI
ui_widgets/ea13cc_ea8c9e.s 5,503 Disk format dialogs (multi-language), Tech Chord configuration
ui_widgets/block_012.s 552 User bitmap viewer, track chord UI, language text, integration setup
ui_widgets/eb2afe_eb71be.s 1,247 Style bitmap and dispatch table wrapper
ui_widgets/block_007.s 86 Additional widget block
ui_widgets/ed2a9c_ed2b96.s 189 Extension-region widget descriptor
ui_widgets/ed333c_ed35e4.s 182 Extension-region widget descriptor
ui_widgets/ed3cc0_ed665a.s 1,940 Extension-region widget data
ui_widgets/ed803c_eda02c.s 2,727 Extension-region widget data
ui_widgets/eee718_eef588.s 1,015 Final widget block before boot code

C struct files (26 .c + 1 .h — typed widget data with named fields):

File Lines Size Description
naka_types.h 260 — Struct definitions: naka_container_t, naka_menu_item_t, naka_dispatch_t, etc.
control_menu_header.c 323 592B Control Menu screen header (hand-crafted gold standard)
naka_sequencer_exit.c 381 692B Sequencer exit controls (hand-crafted gold standard)
naka_master_style.c 410 944B Master Style grid (hand-crafted gold standard)
naka_widget_tables_2.c 190K 159KB Largest: CtlMsg, MIDI control, additional NAKA types
naka_widget_descriptors.c 197K 151KB Effects presets, lookup tables
naka_technichord_strings.c 117K 112KB TechniChord string tables
naka_style_bitmaps.c 38K 102KB Style selection bitmaps
Other 19 files 180K 1-37KB Various UI screens and widget blocks

includes/ — Style UI Parameter Blocks & Screen Data

Data files for the style UI subsystem: parameter block definitions for different style editing modes, screen layout data, GUI display structures, and format strings.

File Lines Description
includes/gui_display_struct_data.s 328 GUI display structure data tables
includes/style_ui_screendata_main.s 226 Main style UI screen layout data
includes/gui_format_strings.s 49 GUI number/text format strings
includes/style_ui_screendata_ctlonly.s 40 Control-only style screen data
includes/style_ui_paramblock_bal.s 20 Style balance parameter block
includes/style_ui_screendata_yesctl.s 19 Yes/control style screen data
includes/style_ui_screendata_meascursor.s 16 Measure cursor screen data
includes/style_ui_paramblock_medium.s 16 Medium-size parameter block
includes/style_ui_paramblock_extended.s 16 Extended parameter block
includes/style_ui_paramblock_meas.s 14 Measure parameter block
includes/style_ui_paramblock_common.s 14 Common parameter block
includes/style_ui_paramblock_alte.s 12 Alt-E parameter block variant
includes/style_ui_paramblock_altc.s 11 Alt-C parameter block variant
includes/style_ui_paramblock_altd.s 9 Alt-D parameter block variant
includes/style_ui_paramblock_alta.s 7 Alt-A parameter block variant
includes/style_ui_paramblock_altb.s 7 Alt-B parameter block variant
includes/style_ui_paramblock_short.s 7 Short parameter block
includes/style_ui_paramblock_value.s 7 Value parameter block

extensions/ — Extension Device Support (codename: TOSHI)

Registers expansion slot devices (such as the HD-AE5000 hard disk board) with the main firmware. “TOSHI” is a Matsushita/Technics developer codename; original symbols (InitializeToshi, etc.) are preserved.

File Lines Description
extensions/extension_init.s 107 Extension slot driver framework: device registration and initialization
extensions/extension_data.s 6,708 Extension device data tables and widget descriptors

factory_test/ — Factory Diagnostic Tests (codename: HAMA)

Factory diagnostic test modes for hardware validation during manufacturing, including floppy disk and hard disk extension tests. “HAMA” is a Matsushita/Technics developer codename; original symbols (InitializeHama, RegObjTableHama, etc.) are preserved.

File Lines Description
factory_test/test_init.s 503 Test mode registration and macro definitions
factory_test/test_data.s 252 Test UI configuration data
factory_test/fd_test_code.s 372 Floppy disk test execution routines
factory_test/fd_test_data.s 418 Floppy disk test parameters and dialog data

Factory Defaults

File Lines Description
msp_factory_defaults.s 709 MSP (Music Style Preset) factory default data

Sub CPU Payload (192KB)

The Sub CPU runs the real-time audio engine. It receives commands from the Main CPU via a latch interface and directly controls the tone generator hardware and DSP effects.

File Lines Description
kn5000_subprogram_v142.s 43,772 Core audio engine: RESET handler, initialization, main audio loop, voice slot management, tone generator command emission, pitch/envelope processing, DSP register writes
subcpu_vectors.s 200 Interrupt vector table and 45 interrupt handler stubs (INT_HANDLER_00 through INT_HANDLER_2C)
subcpu_data_tables.s 8,897 Firmware configuration, floating-point constants, serial I/O buffers, command dispatch table, voice polyphony limits, pitch/MIDI lookup tables
subcpu_fp_math.s 3,144 IEEE 754 floating-point math library: double/single precision arithmetic, mantissa operations, multiply-add, division, pitch slide engine, amplitude convergence, NaN/overflow handling

Sub CPU Boot (128KB)

File Lines Description
boot/kn5000_subcpu_boot.s 100,869 Sub CPU bootstrap ROM: hardware initialization, LZSS decompressor for payload, DMA transfer setup. Large file due to extensive data tables (waveform ROM address maps, voice parameter defaults)

HDAE5000 Extension (512KB)

The HD-AE5000 is an optional hard disk expansion board. Its firmware provides IDE/ATA disk access, a FAT16 filesystem, and a file manager UI that integrates with the main keyboard interface.

File Lines Description
hd-ae5000_v2_06i.s 4,101 Core: ROM header, entry vectors, handler registration, memory allocation, event handling
hdae5000_hd_driver.s 5,994 IDE/ATA hard disk driver: drive setup, identify, seek, read/write, error handling, CHS calculation, partition management
hdae5000_filesystem.s 5,058 FAT16 filesystem: initialization, FSB (filesystem block) read/write, directory scanning, entry lookup
hdae5000_ui_display.s 24,517 File manager UI: menu registration, display scrolling, cell rendering, palette setup, event dispatch
hdae5000_utilities.s 2,043 Utility functions: memory copy/compare, multiply, divide (signed/unsigned), string operations
hdae5000_data_tables.s 36,736 UI configuration, record tables, page titles, graphics resources, fonts, localization strings, palette data

Table Data (2MB)

File Lines Description
kn5000_table_data.s 3,995 Accompaniment style pattern data, rhythm tables. Shares boot code with Main CPU ROM (shared/boot_hw_init.s, shared/vga_init.s). Mostly binary data includes.

Custom Data (1MB)

File Lines Description
kn5000_custom_data.s 146 User-modifiable flash memory containing factory default settings. Written during firmware update; preserved across power cycles.

Build System

All ROMs are built with make all from the repository root:

llvm-mc -triple=tlcs900  →  ld.lld  →  llvm-objcopy  →  raw binary

Each ROM is verified against the original dump using python scripts/compare_roms.py, which reports byte-level similarity (target: 100.00% for all 6 ROMs).